Escalation to biologics after corticosteroids in patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease in Japan: a claims analysis from 2010 to 2021.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A previous health insurance claims study of Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) reported an increase in "step-up" approach from 2010 to 2020, with biologic use in the first year remaining stable. This study examined systemic corticosteroid (SCS) use for newly diagnosed CD in Japan and compared patients who were escalated ("step-up") and were not escalated to biologics.

METHODS

This retrospective longitudinal cohort study used health insurance claims data (JMDC database). Patients diagnosed with CD from 2010 to 2020 who had no CD-related claims for ≥ 1 year before index, were traceable for ≥ 1 year after index, and treated with ≥ 1 pre-defined treatment were included. Patients classified by SCS and/or biologic use within 1 year after diagnosis were compared.

RESULTS

Of 823 patients, 379 (46.1%) received SCS in the first year; of these, 43.5% escalated to biologics (step-up group) and 56.5% did not (SCS group). The proportion of patients receiving SCS increased from 25.8% in 2010-2011 to 55.5% in 2020; proportion escalated to biologics increased from 33.8% in 2016-2017 to 51.0% in 2020. The step-up group was significantly younger, more likely to have perianal lesions, and received more intensive treatments than the SCS group. In terms of SCS use, the step-up group was more likely to have shorter time-to-SCS initiation, and a higher initial SCS dose, than the SCS group.

CONCLUSIONS

Escalation from SCS to biologics in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed CD increased between 2016 and 2020, particularly in patients with younger onset CD or perianal complications.