Bisphenol-A disruption of the endocrine pancreas and blood glucose homeostasis.

The link between endocrine disruptors and altered blood glucose homeostasis has been recently suggested. Epidemiological studies have correlated levels of phthalates, dioxins and persistent organic pollutants with alterations of blood glucose homeostasis in humans. Environmentally relevant doses of the ubiquitous endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) have profound effects on mice endocrine pancreas--an essential tissue involved in glucose metabolism. BPA exerts rapid non-genomic effects on insulin releasing beta-cells and glucagon releasing alpha-cells within freshly isolated islets of Langerhans. In vivo, a single BPA injection of 10 microg/kg rapidly increases plasma insulin and concomitantly decreases glycaemia. When mice were treated with BPA 100 microg/kg/day for 4 days, the environmental oestrogen produced an increase in beta-cell insulin content along with a post-prandial hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance. The results reviewed here demonstrate that doses well below the current lowest observed adverse effect level considered by the US-EPA, disrupt pancreatic beta-cell function producing insulin resistance in male mice. Therefore, this altered blood glucose homeostasis by BPA exposure may enhance the risk of developing type II diabetes.