[Correlation between Serum AGR, LDH Levels and Efficacy of Induction Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients].

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the correlation between serum albumin-globulin ratio (AGR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the efficacy of induction chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODS

A total of 61 MM patients admitted to Maanshan Shiqiye Hospital from July 2021 to May 2024 were retrospectively collected as the observation group, and 61 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The differences in serum AGR and LDH levels between the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation test was used to explore the correlation between serum AGR, LDH and MM. According to the efficacy of induction chemotherapy, the observation group was divided into remission group (31 cases) and non-remission group (30 cases), and the differences in baseline data between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between serum AGR, LDH and chemotherapy efficacy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to analyze the predictive value of serum AGR and LDH for chemotherapy efficacy, and the decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical application value of serum AGR and LDH in predicting chemotherapy efficacy.

RESULTS

The serum AGR in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.001), while the LDH was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum AGR was negatively correlated with MM (r=-0.739), and LDH was positively correlated with MM (r=0.885). In the observation group, the serum AGR was significantly higher, while the serum LDH was significantly lower after chemotherapy compared to before chemotherapy (both P <0.001). In the non-remission group, the proportion of patients with ISS stage III (P=0.002) and DS stage III (P=0.001), the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (P <0.001), and the LDH level (P <0.001) were significantly higher than those in the remission group, while the AGR (P <0.001) was significantly lower than that in the remission group. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum AGR, LDH, percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, and ISS stage were factors affecting the chemotherapy efficacy (all P <0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that serum AGR, LDH before chemotherapy, and their combination had good predictive value for the chemotherapy efficacy in MM patients, and their combination had the highest predictive value. Decision curve analysis showed that serum AGR, LDH, and their combination had clinical significance in predicting the chemotherapy efficacy in MM patients.

CONCLUSION

MM patients exhibit lower serum AGR and higher LDH levels, both of which are closely related to the efficacy of induction chemotherapy. These two biomarkers can effectively predict the chemotherapy efficacy in newly diagnosed MM patients.