Factors Associated with Willingness for Corneal Donation in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND

Corneal transplantation is a surgical procedure where damaged cornea is replaced with a cadaveric corneal tissue, which helps to restore the vision in people with corneal blindness. Limited availability of corneal tissue compared to the increasing burden of corneal blindness remains a critical challenge. We aim to evaluate the public knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards corneal transplants in the Western region of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

We conducted an electronic cross-sectional survey distributed using social media platforms (Twitter and Telegram) targeting residents of the western region of Saudi Arabia during the period from October 2021- January 2022.

RESULTS

Out of total participants, 136 (24%) were willing to donate their corneas, while 302 (53.3%) have not decided yet. A multinomial logistic regression analysis identified several factors influencing willingness to donate corneas. Awareness of the registration process significantly increased willingness (p = 0.008). Participants who believed organ donation is religiously prohibited were significantly more likely to refuse or being uncertain about donation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). Family objection was significantly associated with refusal of donation (p = 0.027). Younger age was associated with greater uncertainty (p = 0.015). Health care providers were the preferred source of information regarding corneal donation in 52.8% of participants. No significant associations were found with gender, nationality, or education.

CONCLUSION

Several social, cultural, and personal factors collectively influence the decision to donate corneal tissue. Community awareness campaigns led by healthcare providers that address social influences, clarify religious beliefs, and provide information about the registration process may help enhance public willingness to donate.