Impact of possible bruxism on mandibular structure through fractal analysis and radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiographs: A cross-sectional study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Bruxism (BX) involves repetitive or sustained dental movements by the masticatory muscles, potentially stressing the masticatory system. Despite this, diagnosis remains challenging. Understanding the impact of BX on the stomatognathic system is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the fractal analysis of and mandibular radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiographs of individuals with and without possible BX.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

Panoramic radiographs and medical records from patients at the Federal University of Ceará's College of Dentistry were analyzed. Fractal analysis was conducted using the box-counting method on regions of interest in the mandible. The mandibular panoramic index, mandibular cortical index, gonial index, antegonial index, mental index, mandibular bone resorption index, mandibular notch index, mandibular condyle height index, and coronoid process index were obtained. The data were analyzed with a 95% confidence level.

RESULTS

In 66 panoramic radiographs (33 with possible BX, 33 without BX), the antegonial index was lower in those with possible BX. Individuals with possible BX also exhibited more wear facets, marked mucosa, and facial fatigue. Fractal analysis values were lower in individuals with possible BX across 3 regions of interest. Statistically significant differences in trabecular bone morphology were observed between groups (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Further research is needed to better understand the impact of BX on the stomatognathic system and to assess the applicability of fractal analysis and mandibular indices in evaluating mandibular bone in the panoramic radiographs of individuals with possible BX.