Passive immunotherapy of Bacillus anthracis pulmonary infection in mice with antisera produced by DNA immunization.

Because of the high failure rate of antibiotic treatment in patients with anthrax there is a need for additional therapies such as passive immunization with therapeutic antibodies. In this study, we used codon-optimized plasmid DNAs (DNA vaccines) encoding Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) to immunize rabbits for producing anti-anthrax antibodies for use in passive immunotherapy. The antisera generated with these DNA vaccines were of high titer as measured by ELISA. The antisera were also able to protect J774 macrophage cells by neutralizing the cytotoxic effect of exogenously added anthrax lethal toxin, and of the toxin released by B. anthracis (Sterne strain) spores following infection. In addition, the antisera passively protected mice against pulmonary challenge with an approximate 50 LD50 dose of B. anthracis (Sterne strain) spores. The protection in mice was obtained when the antiserum was given 1h before or 1h after challenge. We further demonstrated that IgG and F(ab')2 components purified from anti-PA rabbit hyperimmune sera retained similar levels of neutralizing activities against both exogenously added B. anthracis lethal toxin and toxin produced by B. anthracis (Sterne strain) spores. The high titer antisera we produced will enable an immunization strategy to supplement antibiotic therapy for improving the survival of patients with anthrax.