The analysis of factors determining the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with calcaneal spur.

BACKGROUND

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may improve pain and function in patients with calcaneal spur; however, outcomes may vary according to patient characteristics.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify clinical, functional, radiological, and physical activity-related predictors of treatment response in individuals with calcaneal spur who received ESWT and to assess the extent of improvement after treatment.

STUDY

DESIGN

Retrospective observational study using a single-assessment retrospective pretest-posttest design.

METHODS

A total of 120 patients who underwent ESWT for heel pain/plantar fasciitis associated with calcaneal spur and who had complete study data were included. Participants completed a single post-treatment telephone interview, reporting their current status and retrospectively recalling their pre-treatment status. Assessments included Numerical Rating Scale scores for first-step pain and total heel pain, Roles and Maudsley Scale scores, Foot Function Index scores, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form scores, analgesic consumption, calcaneal spur size, and radiological stage.

RESULTS

Significant improvements were observed in pain and foot-related functional measures following ESWT. The percentage of patients utilizing analgesics decreased from 64.2% to 31.7%. IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form)/MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task)-based scores for walking, moderate-intensity activity, vigorous activity, and total physical activity increased significantly after ESWT.

CONCLUSIONS

ESWT may reduce pain and analgesic use while improving function and physical activity in patients with calcaneal spur. Patient-related, radiological, functional, and physical activity-related factors were associated with the degree of treatment benefit.