Gender differences in patellofemoral joint biomechanics.

Patellofemoral pain is associated with patellar malalignment and quadriceps weakness which are seen more commonly in women. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of gender, vastus medialis strength, and tibial rotation on patellofemoral joint biomechanics. Twelve fresh-frozen knees from cadavers were tested using a custom knee jig. Anatomic multiplane loading of the extensor mechanism was used with varying vastus medialis loads. Patellofemoral contact area and pressure were measured using pressure sensitive film at knee flexion angles of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees with the tibia in neutral and 15 degrees internal and external tibial rotation. Patellofemoral joint contact areas in specimens from men were larger at knee flexion angles greater than 30 degrees. A significant increase in mean patellofemoral contact pressures was seen for specimens from women when compared with specimens from men at 0 degrees and 30 degrees knee flexion. The knees from women also showed a greater change in contact pressures to varying vastus medialis load at knee flexion angles of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees. The results of the current study indicate that there are gender differences in patellofemoral contact areas and pressures. These differences may help explain the increased incidence of patellofemoral disorders in women.