Research progress on the diagnostic value of ANCA in autoimmune diseases of patients with refractory rhinosinusitis.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is an important serological marker for autoimmune diseases, particularly ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). AAV frequently presents with refractory rhinosinusitis as an initial manifestation, yet ANCA testing in patients with rhinosinusitis continues to face challenges, including inconsistent subtype classification, variable detection performance, and difficulties in early identification, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. This narrative review focuses on the diagnostic value of ANCA in AAV-related rhinosinusitis, encompassing granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). We summarize the research progress on ANCA detection and its association with clinical, imaging, and pathological features, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for early clinical diagnosis, individualized intervention, and improved patient prognosis.