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DOI 10.3390/toxins18090378

Медицинская библиотека · Toxins · 2026

Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.

Paus Sebastian, Funke Andreas, Hamacher Jürgen, Haslinger Bernhard, Heckelmann Jan, Ip Chi Wang, Jost Wolfgang H, Kivi Anatol, Klebe Stephan, Lee John-Ih, Lohmann Ebba, Mack Frederic, Schramm Axel, Stenner Andrea, Tacik Pawel, Walter Uwe, Weise David T

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Аннотация

Cervical dystonia (CD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures of the head and neck. The injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) into the muscles involved is the treatment of choice for CD. BoNT-A therapy of CD requires appropriate training, which has not been standardized in Germany. To address the key challenges in BoNT-A education, an expert panel developed a simplified step-by-step treatment guideline for beginners, adapted from the established Col-Cap-Concept ("Dystonia 3×3"). Based on expert consensus, recommendations were developed for the core clinical elements of BoNT-A treatment in CD-recognition of the movement pattern, identification of target muscles, development of an injection plan, ultrasound-guided injection, and dosing, taking into account the target audience of the guideline. As such, Dystonia 3×3 provides a user-friendly beginner's guidebook, enhancing accessibility and standardization of CD treatment training. Further research is required to evaluate its clinical efficacy and suitability for training.

Для цитирования: Paus Sebastian, Funke Andreas, Hamacher Jürgen, Haslinger Bernhard, Heckelmann Jan, Ip Chi Wang, Jost Wolfgang H, Kivi Anatol, Klebe Stephan, Lee John-Ih, Lohmann Ebba, Mack Frederic, Schramm Axel, Stenner Andrea, Tacik Pawel, Walter Uwe, Weise David T. Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.. Toxins. 2026. DOI: 10.3390/toxins18090378.

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