Association of psychological factors and sleep quality with activity-related pain and disability in individuals with frozen shoulder.

BACKGROUND

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common condition that cause high levels of pain and disability. Psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, pain self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing and sleep quality may be associated with activity related pain and disability in individuals with FS.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the association of psychological factors and sleep quality with activity related activity-related pain and disability in individuals with FS.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 96 individuals with FS. Psychological variables included anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Activity-related pain and disability were assessed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Control variables included sex, age, duration of symptoms, type of FS, body mass index (BMI), and presence of comorbidities. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Pain self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, and BMI explained 22.3 % of the variance in disability (f (3.92) = 10.08, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.223). Pain self-efficacy and anxiety explained 21.2 % of the variance in activity-related pain (f (2.93) = 13.74, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.212). Depression, pain catastrophizing, and sleep quality, as well as other control variables, were not significantly associated with the activity-related pain and disability.

CONCLUSION

Higher self-efficacy scores were associated with lower activity-related pain and disability scores, while higher kinesiophobia, anxiety, and BMI scores were associated with worse activity-related pain and disability scores.