The young adult with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A clinical review of transition, complications, and psychosocial management.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, and up to half of patients continue to experience active disease or complications into adulthood. Despite this, adult rheumatology care remains largely oriented toward adult-onset disease, creating a mismatch in expertise for patients with childhood-onset arthritis. As a result, adult providers must address clinical challenges unique to childhood-onset disease, including persistent inflammation, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement, long-term medication exposure, chronic pain, psychosocial morbidity, and extra-articular manifestations such as uveitis. Transition gaps are common and contribute to medication discontinuation, loss to follow-up, and disease flare. This review summarizes the long-term outcomes of JIA relevant to adult rheumatologists and outlines best practices in screening and management across key domains, including uveitis, TMJ arthritis, mental health, and educational and vocational participation. The review also highlights evidence-based practical strategies for building transition-informed adult rheumatology practices.