Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
Beyond the surface: A prospective case-control study of electromyography in cervical dystonia.
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Lagerweij S A J E A, Smit M, Centen L M, van Dijk J M C, Oterdoom D L M, van Egmond M E, Elting J W, Tijssen M A J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To identify potential EMG monitoring biomarkers for CD by comparing cervical muscle activity in patients and controls.
METHODS: Fifteen CD patients and fifteen controls underwent bilateral EMG recordings from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and splenius capitis (SPL) muscles during rest and motor tasks. Power spectral density (PSD) in the 4-12 Hz range, co-contraction, overflow and intermuscular coherence were analyzed. Group differences were assessed with Mann-Whitney U tests and associations between EMG features and clinical severity scores were evaluated using Spearman correlations.
RESULTS: CD patients showed significantly increased 4-12 Hz PSD across all neck muscles and tasks. Co-contraction and overflow were consistently observed and quantifiable. Intermuscular coherence was notably elevated in SCM pairs during active tasks. Preliminary correlations were found between PSD measures and clinical scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms four distinct EMG characteristics in CD: elevated 4-12 Hz PSD, co-contraction, overflow and intermuscular coherence, supporting their potential as objective monitoring biomarkers.
SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide electrophysiological validation of key EMG features in CD and highlight their potential for integration into research and clinical assessment, pending further methodological standardization.
METHODS: Fifteen CD patients and fifteen controls underwent bilateral EMG recordings from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and splenius capitis (SPL) muscles during rest and motor tasks. Power spectral density (PSD) in the 4-12 Hz range, co-contraction, overflow and intermuscular coherence were analyzed. Group differences were assessed with Mann-Whitney U tests and associations between EMG features and clinical severity scores were evaluated using Spearman correlations.
RESULTS: CD patients showed significantly increased 4-12 Hz PSD across all neck muscles and tasks. Co-contraction and overflow were consistently observed and quantifiable. Intermuscular coherence was notably elevated in SCM pairs during active tasks. Preliminary correlations were found between PSD measures and clinical scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms four distinct EMG characteristics in CD: elevated 4-12 Hz PSD, co-contraction, overflow and intermuscular coherence, supporting their potential as objective monitoring biomarkers.
SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide electrophysiological validation of key EMG features in CD and highlight their potential for integration into research and clinical assessment, pending further methodological standardization.