Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with islet function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.
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Yin Xiuping, Sun Xiao, Gao Fang, Wang Xiaojie, Chen Peipei, Yang Xinxin, Guo Ningning, Wang Guangya, Xu Jinxiu, Fu Dongxia
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and islet function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis.
METHODS: A total of 343 consecutively hospitalized postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis between December 2024 and December 2025 were included in the final analysis. Participants were classified into three groups according to serum 25(OH)D levels: sufficiency (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), and deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Clinical characteristics, bone mineral density, and islet function-related indices were compared among the groups. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and islet function.
RESULTS: No significant differences were found among the three groups in age, duration of T2DM, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all P > 0.05), whereas body mass index (BMI) showed a marginal overall difference among the groups (P = 0.047). Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip T-scores were progressively lower across groups with lower serum 25(OH)D levels (all P < 0.001). Fasting insulin (FINS), fasting C-peptide (FCP), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) also showed significant intergroup differences (all P < 0.001). Serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, and HOMA-β, but negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (all P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D remained associated with islet function and insulin resistance after adjustment for age, BMI, HbA1c, and T2DM duration.
CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis, lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with poorer β-cell function, greater insulin resistance, and lower bone mineral density.
METHODS: A total of 343 consecutively hospitalized postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis between December 2024 and December 2025 were included in the final analysis. Participants were classified into three groups according to serum 25(OH)D levels: sufficiency (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), and deficiency (<20 ng/mL). Clinical characteristics, bone mineral density, and islet function-related indices were compared among the groups. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and islet function.
RESULTS: No significant differences were found among the three groups in age, duration of T2DM, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all P > 0.05), whereas body mass index (BMI) showed a marginal overall difference among the groups (P = 0.047). Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip T-scores were progressively lower across groups with lower serum 25(OH)D levels (all P < 0.001). Fasting insulin (FINS), fasting C-peptide (FCP), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) also showed significant intergroup differences (all P < 0.001). Serum 25(OH)D was positively correlated with fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, and HOMA-β, but negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (all P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D remained associated with islet function and insulin resistance after adjustment for age, BMI, HbA1c, and T2DM duration.
CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis, lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with poorer β-cell function, greater insulin resistance, and lower bone mineral density.