Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026
Small bone replacement leads to greater gait asymmetry, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation than ligament injury in a porcine wrist model.
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Vaughan Quianna M, Morton Amy M, Moore Douglas C, Molino Janine, Akelman Edward, Crisco Joseph J
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the Yucatan minipig (YMP) as a translational large-animal model of wrist osteoarthritis (OA) following ligament injury (LI) or small bone replacement (SBR) in a 12-week in vivo study.
METHOD: Eight YMPs were assigned to LI or SBR groups (n = 4/group). Gait data were collected preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Ratios of surgical to contralateral limbs were calculated for maximum force, impulse, stance time, and stride velocity and compared within and between groups. At study completion, bilateral forelimbs were analyzed to quantify osteophyte volume, joint space, and cartilage health using OARSI histological scoring. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate differences in the outcome metrics between the LI and SBR groups.
RESULTS: The SBR group demonstrated significant gait asymmetry at week 3, with reduced maximum force, impulse, and stance time relative to preoperative values (p < 0.05), followed by partial recovery. Compared to the LI group whose symmetry was consistent over time, the SBR group exhibited greater gait asymmetry (p < 0.05) at all postoperative timepoints, while stride velocity remained unchanged. Osteophyte volume was greater in SBR than LI for seven of twelve bones (p < 0.05), whereas joint space did not differ among limbs or groups. Histological analysis revealed significantly higher total OARSI scores in SBR operated limbs compared to contralateral limbs, with greater cartilage degeneration than LI (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These findings characterize changes in gait and joint health that demonstrate the feasibility of the YMP as a translational preclinical model of the human wrist for assessing OA progression and SBR.
METHOD: Eight YMPs were assigned to LI or SBR groups (n = 4/group). Gait data were collected preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Ratios of surgical to contralateral limbs were calculated for maximum force, impulse, stance time, and stride velocity and compared within and between groups. At study completion, bilateral forelimbs were analyzed to quantify osteophyte volume, joint space, and cartilage health using OARSI histological scoring. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate differences in the outcome metrics between the LI and SBR groups.
RESULTS: The SBR group demonstrated significant gait asymmetry at week 3, with reduced maximum force, impulse, and stance time relative to preoperative values (p < 0.05), followed by partial recovery. Compared to the LI group whose symmetry was consistent over time, the SBR group exhibited greater gait asymmetry (p < 0.05) at all postoperative timepoints, while stride velocity remained unchanged. Osteophyte volume was greater in SBR than LI for seven of twelve bones (p < 0.05), whereas joint space did not differ among limbs or groups. Histological analysis revealed significantly higher total OARSI scores in SBR operated limbs compared to contralateral limbs, with greater cartilage degeneration than LI (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These findings characterize changes in gait and joint health that demonstrate the feasibility of the YMP as a translational preclinical model of the human wrist for assessing OA progression and SBR.