Hallux Rigidus: Anatomy and Pathology.

Hallux rigidus is a common degenerative condition of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited range of motion with characteristic corresponding clinical, physical examination, and radiographic findings. Many historical risks factors including trauma and family history and patient factors including hallux valgus interphalangeus and inflammatory arthropathies have a well-substantiated etiologic role in the disease process. The purpose of this section is to review the normal and pathologic anatomy and biomechanics of the hallux MTPJ while providing an overview of the current understanding and remain debate regarding the disease process.