Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026
Prevalence of foot/ankle osteoarthritis and pain in retired male professional footballers compared with general population male controls: a cross-sectional study.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Thanoon Ahmed Ali, Espahbodi Shima, Shuaib Monirah Ali, Millar Bonnie, Duncan Ashely, Bowen Catherine J, O'Neill Terence W, Wakefield Richard J, Watt Fiona E, Walsh David A, Fuller Gordon, Batt Mark E, Parekh Sanjay M, Fernandes Gwen Sascha, Doherty Michael, Zhang Weiya
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether retired male professional footballers have a higher risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis (OA) and pain than general population male controls.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, questionnaires for self-reported foot/ankle OA outcomes were posted to 878 footballers and 1060 controls, and subsequently a sample of responders per group underwent assessment for radiographic OA (ROA) irrespective of symptoms. ROA was defined using the La Trobe atlas when definite osteophyte (score ≥ 2) or definite joint space narrowing (score ≥ 2) was observed at any assessed foot/ankle joint. Symptomatic ROA (sROA) was defined as presence of ROA and pain in the same region of the foot for most days of the past month. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% CI were calculated using robust Poisson regression.
RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 468 footballers (53%) and 619 controls (58%), of whom 113 footballers and 319 controls underwent radiographic assessment. Compared with controls, footballers were more likely to: (i) report general practitioner-diagnosed foot/ankle OA (aRR 1.77; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.57), forefoot/ankle surgery (aRR 2.80; 95% CI: 2.04, 3.84), and current foot/ankle pain (aRR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.62); and (ii) have foot/ankle ROA (aRR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07) and sROA (aRR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.19).
CONCLUSION: Retired male professional footballers were more likely to have self-reported and radiographic foot/ankle OA than general population male controls. The ankle appeared the joint most affected by OA in footballers compared with controls. Further study is needed in female footballers and to determine specific risk factors related to this increased risk.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, questionnaires for self-reported foot/ankle OA outcomes were posted to 878 footballers and 1060 controls, and subsequently a sample of responders per group underwent assessment for radiographic OA (ROA) irrespective of symptoms. ROA was defined using the La Trobe atlas when definite osteophyte (score ≥ 2) or definite joint space narrowing (score ≥ 2) was observed at any assessed foot/ankle joint. Symptomatic ROA (sROA) was defined as presence of ROA and pain in the same region of the foot for most days of the past month. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with 95% CI were calculated using robust Poisson regression.
RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 468 footballers (53%) and 619 controls (58%), of whom 113 footballers and 319 controls underwent radiographic assessment. Compared with controls, footballers were more likely to: (i) report general practitioner-diagnosed foot/ankle OA (aRR 1.77; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.57), forefoot/ankle surgery (aRR 2.80; 95% CI: 2.04, 3.84), and current foot/ankle pain (aRR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.62); and (ii) have foot/ankle ROA (aRR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07) and sROA (aRR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.19).
CONCLUSION: Retired male professional footballers were more likely to have self-reported and radiographic foot/ankle OA than general population male controls. The ankle appeared the joint most affected by OA in footballers compared with controls. Further study is needed in female footballers and to determine specific risk factors related to this increased risk.