Liraglutide in combination with zoledronic acid and calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 for diabetic osteoporosis: efficacy and glycometabolism impact.

This study focuses on people with diabetic osteoporosis (DOP), exploring the efficacy of triple therapy with liraglutide (LIR), zoledronic acid (ZOL) and Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 (CCD3) and the impact of this regimen on glycometabolism (GM). Ninety-nine eligible DOP patients visiting our hospital (January 2023-December 2025) were selected and assigned to a control group (n=46; receiving ZOL + CCD3) and a research group (n=53; receiving LIR + ZOL + CCD3) based on their treatment regimen. Between-group comparisons were made regarding of: efficacy, electrolyte metabolism (calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P]); bone metabolism (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BALP], secreted frizzled-related protein 5 [SFRP5], β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [β-CTX]), GM (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], fasting plasma glucose [FPG], fasting insulin [FINS]), glycemic variability (mean/largest amplitude of glycemic excursion [MAGE/LAGE], coefficient of variation [CV]), hepatorenal function (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], serum creatinine [SCr]), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs; flatulence, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain and fever). The analysis results showed that compared with controls, the total effective rate of the research group was increased, Ca, BALP and SFRP5 were elevated and the post-medication P, β-CTX, GM indices, glycemic variability parameters and inflammatory markers were decreased (P<0.05). No significant changes in hepatorenal function were observed within (pre- vs. post-treatment) or between groups. The total ADR rate was equivalent across the groups. It is suggested that concomitant administration of LIR, ZOL and CCD3 can significantly improve curative efficacy and ameliorate GM in DOP patients without compromising hepatorenal function.