Biochemical reactions and ultrasound insights in percutaneous needle electrolysis therapy.

Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) applies low-voltage direct current to human tissue, inducing localized electrolysis. This process triggers controlled inflammation and promotes tissue repair. Hydrogen gas, a byproduct of electrolysis, appears as hyperechoic spots on ultrasound imaging, whereas other products such as sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas are less visible. PNE has demonstrated effectiveness in cases resistant to conventional therapies, including chronic lateral epicondylitis. Written informed consent were obtained from the patient.