A WO3@Bi-BiVO4 based Z-scheme heterojunction for photoelectrochemical sensing of superoxide anions in HeLa cell mitochondria affected by batatasin.

Batatasin (a natural antioxidant ingredient) is expected to have an effect on the release of reactive oxygen species from the mitochondria of living cells. Herein, we designed a novel WO3@Bi-BiVO4 Z-scheme photoelectrode to sensitively detect this effect using HeLa cells as models for common oxidative stress-related diseases.