Congenital Genu Recurvatum: Report of Two Cases.

BACKGROUND

Congenital hyperextension of the knee joint is a rare malformation with a variety of names, principally genu recurvatum of knee, backward bending of the knee, and dislocation of knee. Abnormal anterior hyperextension position and limitation of flexion of tibiofemoral joint are the classical clinical presentation in an infant at birth. The accurate etiology of the malformation is undetermined. Congenital genu recurvatum (CGR) can occur as an isolated entity or can present in association with other congenital abnormalities like talipes equinovarus, developmental dysplasia of the hip, hindfoot, and forefoot abnormalities.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Two baby girls were born in our institution with abnormal position of the knees that one of them was isolated and the other associated with developmental dysplasia of hip.

PRIMARY DIAGNOSIS: Based on clinical presentation and X-ray findings, diagnosis of CGR was proved for them.

INTERVENTIONS: They were treated with early gentle manipulation, serial casting, and splinting at the first days of birth.

OUTCOMES: Postnatal management of the CGR is conservative. Surgical treatment is the last option.

PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS: Newborns with CGR should be evaluated to determine the cause and plan treatment. Symptoms include pain, joint instability, limb length difference, and cosmetic concerns. A full physical examination with bilateral comparison is essential. Radiology helps measure recurvatum in terms of bone and ligament involvement. Knowing the cause guides proper treatment.