The Lateral Proximal Phalanx Flap for Contractures and Soft Tissue Defects in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: An Anatomical and Clinical Study.

Background

The management of contractures and soft tissue defects in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) finger joint remains a challenge. We report a transposition flap from the lateral skin of the proximal phalanx that is based on perforating branches of the digital arteries and can be used safely for both palmar and dorsal cover defects.

Methods

We first completed an anatomic study, dissecting 20 fingers in fresh cadavers with arterial injections and made the new flap in patients with dorsal or palmar defects in PIP joints.

Results

In cadavers, we can reveal 4 constant branches from each digital artery in the proximal phalanx, with the more distal just in the PIP joint constituting the flap pedicle. Between February 2010 and February 2015, we designed 33 flaps in 29 patients, 7 for dorsal and 26 for palmar defects, with no instances of flap necrosis and 4 distal epidermolysis. The patients were between 4 and 69 years with no major complications, and all of the skin defects in the PIP joint were resolved satisfactorily without any relevant sequelae at the donor site.

Conclusions

This flap procedure is an easy, reliable, versatile, and safe technique, and could be an important tool for the management of difficult skin defects and contractures at the PIP joint level.