Emerging blood-based diagnostic strategies for tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global public health challenge. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are critical for effective TB control. In recent years, serological diagnosis has attracted growing attention with the continuous identification of novel biomarkers, owing to its simplicity, rapid turnaround, and cost-effectiveness, particularly for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) and in individuals who test negative by sputum culture and rapid molecular assays. In this review, we summarize current biomarkers used in TB serodiagnosis, discuss the integration of advanced diagnostic technologies, and highlight their potential to improve TB diagnosis across diverse clinical settings.