Next-generation materials for nucleic acid delivery.

Efficient and targeted delivery of nucleic acids is critical for realizing the full therapeutic potential of gene editing, vaccines and RNA-based drugs, and emerging delivery platforms offer innovative solutions through their diverse architectures, tunable properties and distinct biological interactions. In this Viewpoint, researchers working across different delivery platforms - including lipid nanoparticles, synthetic polymers, peptide amphiphiles, coacervate microdroplets, DNA nanostructures and extracellular vesicles - discuss the most promising directions and the main challenges in shaping the future of nucleic acid delivery.