Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons · 2026
Translation, validation, and test-retest reliability of the foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scale in hindi-speaking population.
СтатьяВалидационное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Uppal Vanshika, Sharma Sunita, Sharma Yashica
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) scale is a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess lower extremity functional status in a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. It was first created in English (E-FAAM) to gauge its applicability across several languages, and other translations are accessible in different languages.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to translate the English version of the FAAM into Hindi (H-FAAM), evaluate its content validity, conduct cross-cultural adaptation, and assess its test-retest reliability.
METHOD: Following Beaton guidelines, the translation process involved forward and backward translations by two bilingual translators and a pain specialist, with approval from the original developers. Content validation was conducted using the Delphi method, involving 10 experts with over five years of experience. Cross-cultural adaptation was assessed with 30 outpatient participants who provided feedback on the clarity and relevance of the H-FAAM items. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 51 patients, with responses collected at two time points.
RESULTS: Of the 21 items in the H-FAAM, 19 achieved universal agreement (100% consensus), while two items received 80% agreement, indicating strong content validity overall. Cross-cultural adaptation was well-received, with 28 out of 30 patients providing positive feedback on the clarity and understanding of the scale. Test-retest reliability was excellent, with Cronbach's alpha and ICC values of 0.94 CONCLUSION: The Hindi version of the FAAM (H-FAAM) demonstrated excellent content validity and test-retest reliability, making it a reliable tool for assessing in native Hindi-speaking populations.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to translate the English version of the FAAM into Hindi (H-FAAM), evaluate its content validity, conduct cross-cultural adaptation, and assess its test-retest reliability.
METHOD: Following Beaton guidelines, the translation process involved forward and backward translations by two bilingual translators and a pain specialist, with approval from the original developers. Content validation was conducted using the Delphi method, involving 10 experts with over five years of experience. Cross-cultural adaptation was assessed with 30 outpatient participants who provided feedback on the clarity and relevance of the H-FAAM items. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 51 patients, with responses collected at two time points.
RESULTS: Of the 21 items in the H-FAAM, 19 achieved universal agreement (100% consensus), while two items received 80% agreement, indicating strong content validity overall. Cross-cultural adaptation was well-received, with 28 out of 30 patients providing positive feedback on the clarity and understanding of the scale. Test-retest reliability was excellent, with Cronbach's alpha and ICC values of 0.94 CONCLUSION: The Hindi version of the FAAM (H-FAAM) demonstrated excellent content validity and test-retest reliability, making it a reliable tool for assessing in native Hindi-speaking populations.