Surgical Management of Multi-Ligamentous Knee Injuries: Current Concepts and Case Report of a Complex KD-IV Case.

Background and Clinical Significance: Multiligamentous knee injuries (MLKIs) are uncommon but severe injuries associated with instability, neurovascular compromise, and long-term functional impairment. Irreducible knee dislocations are a distinct subgroup requiring urgent intervention because soft-tissue interposition may prevent closed reduction and place the limb at risk of skin necrosis and vascular compromise. This report reviews current concepts in MLKI management and presents a complex KD-IV irreducible knee dislocation treated with a staged surgical strategy. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented 24 h after a skiing injury with a grossly deformed knee, multidirectional instability, and an anteromedial "pucker sign". Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a KD-IV injury with complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and medial collateral ligament, associated with capsular disruption and intra-articular soft-tissue interposition causing irreducibility. Urgent open reduction was performed. The first stage included reduction of the incarcerated capsule, capsular repair, and reconstruction of the posteromedial corner and medial collateral ligament using a semitendinosus autograft. Delayed reassessment at 6 months demonstrated satisfactory stability, minimal residual anterior laxity, and no subjective instability; therefore, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was not performed. At final follow-up, the patient had near-full range of motion, no significant valgus instability, and no arthrofibrosis or vascular complications.

Conclusions

Management of MLKIs should be individualized according to reducibility, soft-tissue condition, neurovascular status, and functional demands. Irreducible KD-IV dislocations with a pucker sign require urgent open reduction. In selected patients, staged reconstruction may reduce postoperative stiffness and allow selective omission of cruciate ligament reconstruction when satisfactory functional stability is achieved.