Безопасность неураксиальной анестезии у пациентов с множественным склерозом: систематический обзор результатов наблюдений.
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Shakeri Alireza, Gharehbeglou Mohammad, Ordoni Avval Jamshid
Аннотация
Оригинал публикации
Safety of neuraxial anesthesia in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of observational evidence.
INTRODUCTION: The safety of neuraxial anesthesia in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a critical area of discussion within clinical practice. This review aims to assess the safety of neuraxial anesthesia in MS patients by investigating the incidence of adverse neurological outcomes, including relapse rates and the emergence of new neurological symptoms.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL, from their inception until November 2024. Observational studies involving adult MS patients who received neuraxial anesthesia were included. Quality assessments were conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies and the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for case reports and case series.
RESULTS: This systematic review examined data from 2326 patients across 34 studies, comprising 22 case reports, 6 case series, and 6 cohort studies. Of the patients, 70 % were female, with 45.8 % receiving epidural anesthesia and 35.1 % undergoing spinal anesthesia, predominantly in obstetric settings. Typical dosages ranged from 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5 %) to larger volumes of 40 ml of lower concentration bupivacaine. Complications were reported in 15 studies (44.2 %), with six case reports detailing issues such as photophobia and neurological deficits that could worsen MS symptoms. While six case series noted complications like postpartum relapses, retrobulbar neuritis, and dysesthesia, most patients did not experience significant adverse effects. Among cohort studies involving 1139 patients, 364 reported postpartum relapses following neuraxial anesthesia; however, these were not directly associated with the anesthetic techniques employed.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that neuraxial anesthesia can be administered safely to patients with multiple sclerosis, as the incidence of severe complications appears relatively low. Although some adverse neurological outcomes were documented, particularly after spinal anesthesia, most patients reported no significant lasting effects. However, careful consideration of the anesthetic technique and individualized patient assessment remain essential to minimize risks and optimize outcomes for individuals with MS. Future research is warranted to further clarify safety parameters and provide more definitive guidelines for neuraxial anesthesia in this population.