Stem cell-based scaffolds using dental pulp and adipose-derived stem cells in periodontal regeneration: Evidence from preclinical or clinical studies.

Current periodontal therapies fail to predictably restore the complete architecture of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum lost due to periodontal disease. Stem cell-based scaffolds have emerged as a biological strategy to enhance coordinated periodontal regeneration through combined cellular and biomaterial approaches. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence on dental pulp stem cell and adipose-derived stem cell-based scaffolds in periodontal regeneration. Animal studies consistently demonstrate enhanced new bone formation, cementum-like tissue deposition, organized periodontal ligament-like fibers and improved vascularization compared to scaffold-only controls. Thus, we report reductions in probing depth, gains in clinical attachment and favorable safety profiles, although standardized protocols and long-term data remain limited.