A literature review and update on medications related to osteonecrosis of the jaw independent of bisphosphonates and denosumab.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) caused by bone-modifying agents, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, is well-established within the literature. The introduction of new medications for cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and bone disorders has led to further MRONJ cases being documented.As these newer therapies become more widely used, the incidence of MRONJ is expected to increase. This literature review aims to update the growing body of literature on MRONJ, focusing on the link between these novel medications and MRONJ development. These medications include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, radiopharmaceuticals, demethylation agents, selective oestrogen receptor modulators and corticosteroids.Given the increasing number of agents associated with MRONJ, it is essential for dental professionals to stay informed about these drugs and their associated risks to ensure effective management and patient care.