Minimally Invasive Options for Spondylolisthesis.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis, a common cause of back pain and disability, is increasingly managed with minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) techniques aimed at reducing morbidity while achieving comparable or superior outcomes to traditional open surgery. This review covers current MISS options, including minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, lateral lumbar interbody fusion, anterior lumbar interbody fusion, and endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion, as well as minimally invasive decompression techniques. Each technique's indications, benefits, limitations, and outcomes are discussed alongside emerging technological advancements and perioperative protocols that continue to refine and expand the role of MISS in spondylolisthesis treatment.