Group B streptococcal arthritis in adults.

Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) have been a rare cause of septic arthritis in adults. Only 18 cases have been cited in the literature, eight of which were described since 1976. Two additional cases occurring in the last year are described herein. Like other infections caused by group B streptococci, the incidence of septic arthritis due to these organisms appears to be increasing. A review of these 20 cases revealed a history of prior arthritis or trauma to the involved joints in 30 percent, and an additional 30 percent occurred in potentially immunocompromised hosts. Four of the patients had probable oligoarticular group B streptococcal arthritis. Although most deaths occurred in the pre-penicillin era, early recognition and treatment are essential to prevent joint destruction.