Pediatric Rheumatological Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India: A Retrospective Clinico-Epidemiological Profile.

Introduction

Infectious diseases account for the major health problem in developing countries like India. Though non-infectious diseases like rheumatological disorders are not very common, the burden of these disorders as a group is high in society due to the huge population size. The rheumatological disorders have varied presentations which may mimic other infectious pathologies leading to a significant time lag in the diagnosis. There is inadequate data on the exact burden of these diseases. The spectrum of rheumatological disorders in developing countries is different as compared to the Western world. Hence this study was carried out with the aim of studying the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory profile of rheumatological disorders in the pediatric age group in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

It was a retrospective study. Data of patients admitted with the diagnosis of rheumatological disorder in the age group of one month to 15 years during the period from June 2018 to December 2022 were reviewed.

Results

A total of 35 patients were identified with 20 being female. The mean age of the patients was 8.42± 3.95 years. The most common disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)- 10(28.57%) with an equal proportion of polyarticular JIA and systemic-onset JIA, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nine (25.71%) and Kawasaki Disease (KD)- eight (22.85%). The commonest presenting complaint was fever followed by a rash, whereas the most common findings were pallor and rash. Anemia was present in 25 (71.42%). C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were high in 20 (57.14%) and 22 (62.85%), respectively. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were positive in 10 (28.57%) and rheumatoid factor (RA) factor in only one (2.85%) case.

Conclusions

The most common rheumatological disorder identified was JIA. Fever and rash were the common presenting complaints. Pallor was the commonest sign whereas anemia was the commonest hematological abnormality.