Recommendations for cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic disease.

Psoriatic disease (PD) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, mainly due to chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic alterations. However, cardiovascular risk in these patients is often underestimated by traditional assessment tools. To analyze and summarize the evidence on the association between PD, SpA, and cardiovascular disease, and to assess strategies for improving their clinical identification and management. A narrative review including observational studies, clinical trials, previous reviews, and expert opinion from a multidisciplinary panel. Patients with PD and SpA show a higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. Persistent inflammation and metabolic disturbances contribute significantly to this underestimated risk. Cardiovascular risk assessment should be more accurate and tailored. Targeted anti-inflammatory strategies and early risk identification may improve outcomes and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population.