Effect of Alcohol Abuse on Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

BACKGROUND

Alcohol abuse is an important risk factor for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), which often requires total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to assess the effect of alcohol abuse on outcomes of THA.

METHODS

Patients who underwent THA for ONFH with at least 2 years of follow-up were identified in a national insurance database and placed into four groups: group A (never abused alcohol), group B (abused alcohol before and after THA), group C (abused alcohol only after THA), and group D (abused alcohol only before THA). Differences in age, sex, and comorbidities among the groups were assessed using t-tests and Chi-square tests, while multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated post-THA complication rates. There were 71,165 patients included: 61,469 in group A, 3,588 in group B, 2,532 in group C, and 3,576 in group D.

RESULTS

Patients in groups B and C experienced significantly higher rates of medical complications within 90 days postoperatively compared to those in group A. Surgical complications within 2 years postoperatively, such as periprosthetic joint infections, dislocations, periprosthetic fractures, aseptic loosenings, and revisions, were also more common in groups B and C. Additionally, emergency department visits and readmissions within 90 days postoperatively were more frequent in these groups. Conversely, patients in group D, who stopped consuming alcohol after surgery, showed outcomes comparable to those in group A and better than those in groups B and C.

CONCLUSIONS

Alcohol abuse after THA significantly worsens outcomes in patients who have ONFH, regardless of whether the patient abused alcohol before surgery. However, alcohol abstinence after surgery is associated with improved THA outcomes. Our study provides valuable insights into the preoperative assessment process for THA in ONFH patients and strongly advocates for alcohol abstinence following surgery to optimize outcomes.