Pulmonary tuberculosis with cutaneous manifestations.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) rarely presents with cutaneous manifestations, which can pose significant diagnostic and management challenges for healthcare providers. In this hospital-based study of 123 confirmed PTB patients, 18 (14.6%) showed cutaneous involvement, predominantly lupus vulgaris (33.3%) and scrofuloderma (27.8%). Cutaneous manifestations were significantly associated with previous TB treatment, extrapulmonary involvement and severe radiological disease. Lupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma were most frequently linked with active pulmonary tuberculosis. This study advances knowledge by emphasizing the clinical relevance of cutaneous signs as markers of disease burden and the need for integrated dermatological and pulmonary assessment.