Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2026
Help-seeking patterns for non-suicidal self-injury across borderline symptom profiles in a large sample of university students.
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James Rosie, Overgaard Rebecca, Westling Sofie, Nilsson Magnus
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in young adults and may represent a marker of current or emerging borderline pathology. However, rates of help-seeking for NSSI are low, potentially delaying recognition of clinically relevant borderline symptoms. To our knowledge, research on NSSI help-seeking has not examined whether help-seeking differs according to underlying borderline symptom profiles. This study therefore examined whether patterns of NSSI help-seeking differ across borderline symptom profiles in a community sample of university students.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, latent class analysis was used to identify borderline symptom profiles in a community sample of 1,476 (68.5% female) Swedish university students based on the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD. Differences in help-seeking behavior, encouragement to seek help, help sources, and help-seeking attitudes were examined using three-step auxiliary analyses. Mixture logistic regression models assessed within-profile predictors.
RESULTS: Four borderline symptom profiles were identified in the full sample: Full Spectrum, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Asymptomatic. Among participants with lifetime NSSI (n = 581), help-seeking did not differ significantly across profiles, whereas encouragement to seek help and help-seeking attitudes did. Encouragement was the most consistent correlate of help-seeking across profiles, while attitudes were not reliably associated with help-seeking behavior. Among participants who had sought help and provided help-source data (n = 297), sources of help did not differ across profiles. There was no evidence that predictors of help-seeking differed across profiles.
CONCLUSIONS: NSSI help-seeking did not differ significantly across borderline symptom profiles. Instead, encouragement from others to seek help was more consistently associated with help-seeking across profiles. This may be particularly important for individuals with more internalizing presentations, whose distress may be less visible and therefore less likely to elicit encouragement to seek support.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, latent class analysis was used to identify borderline symptom profiles in a community sample of 1,476 (68.5% female) Swedish university students based on the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD. Differences in help-seeking behavior, encouragement to seek help, help sources, and help-seeking attitudes were examined using three-step auxiliary analyses. Mixture logistic regression models assessed within-profile predictors.
RESULTS: Four borderline symptom profiles were identified in the full sample: Full Spectrum, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Asymptomatic. Among participants with lifetime NSSI (n = 581), help-seeking did not differ significantly across profiles, whereas encouragement to seek help and help-seeking attitudes did. Encouragement was the most consistent correlate of help-seeking across profiles, while attitudes were not reliably associated with help-seeking behavior. Among participants who had sought help and provided help-source data (n = 297), sources of help did not differ across profiles. There was no evidence that predictors of help-seeking differed across profiles.
CONCLUSIONS: NSSI help-seeking did not differ significantly across borderline symptom profiles. Instead, encouragement from others to seek help was more consistently associated with help-seeking across profiles. This may be particularly important for individuals with more internalizing presentations, whose distress may be less visible and therefore less likely to elicit encouragement to seek support.