siRNA-Based Nanodrug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are chronic disorders with complex pathogenesis. Immune homeostasis disruption is closely associated with disease initiation and progression. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying these diseases remain elusive. Conventional therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases primarily involve the administration of immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, and monoclonal antibodies, each of which presents certain limitations. The emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics has introduced a novel avenue for addressing these conditions. The development of an optimally engineered vector for RNAi drugs is anticipated to significantly enhance their clinical applicability. Nanomaterials, as promising drug carriers, offer robust support for RNAi therapeutics. This review summarizes recent advances and applications of nanodelivery systems for small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics in autoimmune disease treatment. It also analyzes the challenges and future prospects of nanomaterial application in this field.