Is the Course of Brucella Infections in Infancy Unexpectedly Benign?

BACKGROUND

Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in Turkey that can affect infants through maternal transmission or environmental exposure. However, data on its clinical features and treatment in this age group are limited.

METHODS

Among 173 pediatric brucellosis cases, we retrospectively evaluated 6 infants under 2 years of age. We evaluated clinical data, maternal history, breastfeeding, animal contact and environmental exposure as possible routes of transmission. Serologic tests and blood cultures were used for diagnosis.

RESULTS

All infants exhibited mild clinical findings, and none developed serious complications. Brucella species were isolated in 5 patients, and the Coombs anti-Brucella agglutination test was positive in all patients. All patients received triple antimicrobial treatment. One patient experienced a relapse and was successfully treated. There was frequent contact with animals, and only 2 mothers had concurrent brucellosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Infantile brucellosis can be mild or asymptomatic, presenting with a wide clinical spectrum. In addition to serological tests, blood culture is important for diagnosis. Although breastfeeding cannot be ruled out as a possible transmission route, contact with animals is a stronger risk factor. Further research, supported by molecular studies, is needed to clarify transmission from mother to baby.