Comparison Between in Situ Fixation and Fixation After Closed Reduction in Valgus-Impacted Femoral Neck Fractures: A Multicenter Study.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between in situ fixation and fixation after closed reduction (CR) in patients aged 50 years and older with valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures using data from multiple centers.

DESIGN

Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

SETTING

Five tertiary-care university hospitals.

PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA: Patients aged 50 years and older, treated with operative fixation of valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures using multiple cannulated screws from 2003 to 2019.

OUTCOME MEASURES AND COMPARISONS: Complications such as fixation failure, osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH), and reoperation were compared between the groups (in situ fixation group and fixation after CR group). Postoperative EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), Harris Hip Score, and Koval grade were compared.

RESULTS

The mean age of the 206 patients (161 in situ fixation group, 45 in fixation after CR group) who met the inclusion criteria was 68.9 ± 10.9 years (range, 50-95 years). There were 39 men and 167 women. Fixation failure occurred in 11.2% (6.8% of in situ fixation group vs. 26.7% of fixation after CR group, P = 0.002). Reoperation was required for 10.2% (7.5% of the in situ fixation group vs. 20% of the fixation after CR group, P = 0.023). Fixation failure and reoperation rates were significantly higher in the fixation after the CR group than in the in-situ fixation group (odds ratio = 4.757, P = 0.002 and odds ratio = 3.104, P = 0.023, respectively). At the 2-year follow-up, ONFH occurred in 5.8% (9 out of 161, in situ fixation group vs. 3 out of 45, fixation after CR group). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of ONFH between the 2 groups ( P = 0.727). The Koval's grade at 6 and 12 months demonstrated better results in the in-situ group ( P = 0.027, 0.044, respectively). Postoperative EQ-5D and Harris Hip Score scores showed no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients aged 50 years or older with valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures, when fixation was done after reduction, the reoperation rate was higher due to fixation failure compared with in-situ fixation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of ONFH in valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures regardless of whether reduction was performed.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.