Limb Disuse Trials in Humans: Key Insights on Study Design, Ethics, and Project Execution.

Limb disuse models, such as immobilization and limb suspension, have been implemented for 30+ yr to understand the mechanistic and clinical implications of neuromuscular impairments and muscle atrophy. Drawing on decades of experience, we outline key considerations for research design, ethics, and implementation. Serving as a roadmap for investigators, this review promotes broader use of disuse models in clinical trials.