Lyme disease in human DR4Dw4-transgenic mice.

The evolution of Lyme arthritis in DR4-transgenic mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi was studied because chronic Lyme arthritis in humans is associated with an increased frequency of the HLA-DR4 allele. B10 nontransgenic and DR4-transgenic mice expressing chimeric human-mouse major histocompatibility complex class II genes in which the human alpha 1 and beta 1 domains of DR4Dw4 replaced the corresponding domains of the mouse I-E(d) were inoculated with B. burgdorferi and examined at up to 180 days for infection and disease. All mice were infected throughout the 180 days, and arthritis evolved to equal severity in transgenic and control mice within 30 days and resolved by day 120. Both groups of mice developed high antibody titers to B. burgdorferi, but antibodies to outer surface proteins A and B were not readily detectable. The DR4Dw4 transgene did not predispose mice to the development of chronic Lyme arthritis.