PRDM1-mediated epigenetic and transcriptional repression mechanisms: a key hub in immune differentiation, tumor progression, and inflammatory responses.

PRDM1 is a key transcriptional repressor that plays a vital role in B- and T-cell differentiation, immune regulation, and tumor suppression. PRDM1 functions through its C2H2 zinc finger domains and proline-rich region, which mediate transcriptional repression by recruiting co-repressors like G9a and HDACs. Its expression is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT3 and CD40L, which control immune cell differentiation and function. PRDM1 is involved in cancer progression by regulating tumor suppression and metastasis, as seen in hepatocellular, colorectal, and breast cancers. Additionally, PRDM1 is implicated in autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, where it modulates B-cell differentiation and immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PRDM1 could serve as valuable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of PRDM1 in disease pathogenesis and explores its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer and immune-related diseases.