Ribotyping of Burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical and soil isolates in Thailand.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil saprophyte that causes melioidosis in humans and animals. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ribosomal DNA regions (ribotyping) were analyzed in 577 isolates comprising 371 clinical and 206 soil isolates collected throughout Thailand in 1997. A total of 77 distinct ribotype patterns consisting of 2-9 bands with sizes ranging from 2.8 to >23 kb were found. Twelve major ribotypes were identified of which types 3, 8 and 23 were commonly found (278/577, 48.2%) in both clinical (217/371, 58.5%) and environmental isolates (61/206, 29.6%). Three unique environmental types were found whereas a unique clinical type was not observed. Even though ribotypes show high heterogeneity in the rDNA region, the unique environmental patterns were clearly different from the clinical patterns as clearly seen by UPGMA dendrogram. Moreover, the three major types (types 3, 8 and 23) were discovered in nearly half of B. pseudomallei isolates. Subtyping of these major ribotypes in correlation with clinical profiles may help researchers to identify the virulence factor of the organism.