Coffee and caffeine intake reduces risk of ulcerative colitis: a case-control study in Japan.
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Tanaka Keiko, Okubo Hitomi, Miyake Yoshihiro, Nagata Chisato, Furukawa Shinya, Andoh Akira, Yokoyama Tetsuji, Yoshimura Naoki, Mori Kenichiro, Ninomiya Tomoyuki, Yamamoto Yasunori, Takeshita Eiji, Ikeda Yoshio, Saito Mitsuru, Ohashi Katsuhisa, Imaeda Hirotsugu, Kakimoto Kazuki, Higuchi Kazuhide, Nunoi Hiroaki, Mizukami Yuji, Suzuki Seiyuu, Hiraoka Sakiko, Okada Hiroyuki, Kawasaki Keitarou, Higashiyama Masaaki, Hokari Ryota, Miura Hiromasa, Miyake Teruki, Kumagi Teru, Kato Hiromasa, Hato Naohito, Sayama Koji, Hiasa Yoichi, Japan Ulcerative Colitis Study Group
Аннотация
METHODS: The study involved 384 UC cases and 665 control subjects. Intake of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, black tea, green tea, oolong tea, carbonated soft drinks, and chocolate snacks was measured with a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Adjustments were made for sex, age, pack-years of smoking, alcohol consumption, history of appendicitis, family history of UC, education level, body mass index, and intake of vitamin C, retinol, and total energy.
RESULTS: Higher consumption of coffee and carbonated soft drinks was associated with a reduced risk of UC with a significant dose-response relationship (P for trend for coffee and carbonated soft drinks were <0.0001 and 0.01, respectively), whereas higher consumption of chocolate snacks was significantly associated with an increased risk of UC. No association was observed between consumption of decaffeinated coffee, black tea, green tea, or oolong tea and the risk of UC. Total caffeine intake was inversely associated with the risk of UC; the adjusted odds ratio between extreme quartiles was 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-0.67; P for trend <0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that intake of coffee and caffeine is also associated with a reduced risk of UC in Japan where people consume relatively low quantities of coffee compared with Western countries.