Discovery of metabolites from Uvaria micrantha exhibiting anti-inflammatory and osteogenic potentials.

Uvaria micrantha remains insufficiently characterized in terms of its phytochemical diversity and pharmacological potential. In this study, branches and leaves were extracted and subjected to chromatographic isolation, yielding a new metabolite, uvarisinyicone, along with twenty-two known compounds, including chalcones, dihydrochalcones, flavonoids, and benzenoids. LC-MS/MS profiling combined with GNPS-FBMN enabled dereplication and visualization of metabolite clusters, revealing chemical networks consistent with isolated scaffolds. Bioassays demonstrated two major functional classes of metabolites, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-neuroinflammatory activity, and regulators of osteogenesis. Differential bioactivities were observed, with certain compounds selectively suppressing IL-6, others exerting dual cytokine inhibition, and several promoting osteoblast differentiations. The discovery of uvarisinyicone, together with bioactive flavonoid and chalcone derivatives, expands the chemical diversity of the genus and identifies osteogenesis activity as a novel property. These findings suggest therapeutic potential for osteoporosis and inflammatory disorders while bridging natural product chemistry with modern pharmacological applications.