Restorative guided bone marrow autogenous graft and bioabsorbable amniotic membrane tissue regeneration for degree III furcation defect treatment: An experimental study in dogs.

BACKGROUND: In the field of periodontology, the periodontium is subjected to a range of pathological conditions leading to advanced stages of bone resorption at the alveolar crest and subsequent detachment of the periodontal ligament with different degrees of furcation involvement and finally tooth loss. Therapy aims at restoring the lost parts of the periodontium through different regenerative procedures.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the use of bio-absorbable amniotic membrane as guided tissue regeneration combined with bone autograft as guided bone regeneration in dogs with advanced degree III furcation in the marrow.

METHODS: The study was performed on 18 mandibular right premolar teeth units (six dogs) affected by experimentally induced advanced furcation involvement (III degree - key hole). The left mandibular affected premolar teeth were used as a control. Therapy was performed using the amniotic membrane of dogs as GTR and iliac bone marrow autogenous graft as GBR. Serial postoperative radiographs were performed monthly to assess recovery. The dogs were sacrificed 3 months after reconstruction surgery to collect tissue biopsies for histopathology.

RESULTS: Healing processed uneventfully in eight operated tooth units, expressed by the presence of merged dense connective tissue with the periodontal ligament. The alveolar bone showed marked osteoblastic activity. The other 10 operated teeth units exhibited granulomas affecting the apical part of the teeth (six teeth) and delayed healing with poor connective tissue bond (four teeth).

CONCLUSION: Reconstruction surgical technique using autogenous bone marrow grafting (GBR) combined with a bio-absorbable amniotic membrane barrier of dogs (GTR) was a promising salvage treatment for advanced degree III furcation defects in dogs.