Journal of microencapsulation · 2026
Development and optimization of gallic acid-enriched nanostructured lipid carriers for the amelioration of rheumatic inflammation: in-vitro and in-vivo study.
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Nipun, Bhadyaria Aayush, Rajpal Vasundhara, Kurmi Balak Das, Singh Shiv Shakti, Kumar Manish, Pal Ravi Raj
Аннотация
AIM: To develop gallic acid loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (GA-NLCs) using sea buckthorn oil (SBO) for topical delivery to manage adjuvant induced rheumatic inflammation in rats.
METHODS: Designed GA-NLCs were optimised by the Box-Behnken model and characterised by dynamic light scattering, DSC, XRD, and evaluated for drug permeation, hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and in vivo anti-arthritic potential.
RESULTS: GA-NLCs exhibited particle size 188.4 ± 35nm, zeta potential -19.13 + 0.5 mV, entrapment efficiency 89.35 ± 2.46%, drug content 14.00 ± 1.36 mg/gm, and 87.74 ± 3.4% of drug permeation across skin. GA-NLCs showed significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05) skin enhancement ratios in comparison to gallic acid dispersion in aqueous medium (4.53 fold) and SBO (3.40 fold). GA-NLCs showed hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Topical application of GA-NLC gel significantly (p < 0.05) reduced arthritic score and paw edoema, comparable to diclofenac gel.
CONCLUSION: GA-NLCs exhibited enhanced skin permeation, reduced arthritic score, and synergistic anti-inflammatory effects, offering a promising intervention for the effective management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS: Designed GA-NLCs were optimised by the Box-Behnken model and characterised by dynamic light scattering, DSC, XRD, and evaluated for drug permeation, hemocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and in vivo anti-arthritic potential.
RESULTS: GA-NLCs exhibited particle size 188.4 ± 35nm, zeta potential -19.13 + 0.5 mV, entrapment efficiency 89.35 ± 2.46%, drug content 14.00 ± 1.36 mg/gm, and 87.74 ± 3.4% of drug permeation across skin. GA-NLCs showed significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05) skin enhancement ratios in comparison to gallic acid dispersion in aqueous medium (4.53 fold) and SBO (3.40 fold). GA-NLCs showed hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Topical application of GA-NLC gel significantly (p < 0.05) reduced arthritic score and paw edoema, comparable to diclofenac gel.
CONCLUSION: GA-NLCs exhibited enhanced skin permeation, reduced arthritic score, and synergistic anti-inflammatory effects, offering a promising intervention for the effective management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).