Most vexing problem in pediatric fractures: Epiphyseal fractures.

Epiphyseal fracture is a significant etiology of limb deformity in children following fractures. However, unlike the rapid advancements in orthopedics, progress regarding the pathological changes, diagnosis, and treatment of epiphyseal fractures has been slow. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology and classification of epiphyseal fractures, as well as the post-fracture pathological changes occurring within the epiphysis and its surrounding areas. Furthermore, it reviews recent advancements in the treatment of epiphyseal fractures. By summarizing laboratory-to-clinical progress related to this type of fracture, this article aims to assist pediatric orthopedists in accurately recognizing, diagnosing, and treating such injuries.