Hallux Rigidus: Nonoperative Treatment and Orthotics.

Hallux rigidus, the most common degenerative disorder of the foot, is accountable for abnormality of gait and restriction of activity levels and daily function. This article describes and reviews the available literature on nonoperative modalities available in the treatment of hallux rigidus, including manipulation and intra-articular injections, shoe modifications and orthotics, physical therapy, and experimental therapies.