Research Review on the Mechanisms of Pathological New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-lasting autoimmune disorder marked by inflammatory processes affecting the spinal column and sacroiliac joints, alongside abnormal bone growth. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms underlying pathological new bone formation in AS, focusing on key cell types, molecular pathways, and their roles in disease progression. We will discuss the interplay between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the cytokines and signaling pathways that influence new bone formation, and how recent research findings contribute to our understanding of this complex process. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this review seeks to provide a theoretical foundation and direction for future therapeutic strategies.